Annotation Guidelines
Mark hypernym for the entity represented by the Wikipedia article. Hypernym is a more general word.
Observe the following rules:
The examples listed below are first sentences of Wikipedia articles. The hypernym to be annotated is marked with underline.
- Hypernym is a single word. If there are multiple words that can be considered as hypernyms forming a noun phrase, annotate the last one.
- Annotate only the hypernym closest to the beginning of the article. Other hypernyms are ignored.
Example:
Évelyne Lever (known simply in English as Evelyne Lever) is a contemporary French historian and writer.
- General hypernym, which is extended by a more precise hypernym (typically using the preposition "of") is skipped in favour of the more precise hypernym.
Example:
''Cratosoma pictum'' is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus ''Cratosoma''.
(word species is skipped)
Example:
Kanai Anzen (家内安全) is a type of omamori, or Japanese amulet of the Shinto religion.
(word type is skipped)
- If a general hypernym precedes a more specific one, but the previous rule cannot be applied, then the general hypernym is the result of the annotation.
Example:
Frank James Burke-Conway (c. 1960/61 in Rockaway, Queens c. 1960/61 – May 18, 1987 in Cypress Hills, Brooklyn, United States) was a Gambino crime family mob associate and the son of mobster Jimmy Burke.
(the potentially more precise hypernym son is not considered)
- If the article does not contain any hypernym, it is skipped (left without any annotation).
Example:
The Memorial Gates at the University of Glasgow were erected in 1952 as a celebration of the University's quincentenary, or five hundredth anniversary.
No annotation
- If the hypernym is a part of the entity name, it is ignored.
Example:
Bukit Timah Railway Station was a railway station (now a conserved recreational building) and crossing loop in Singapore, owned by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM), the main railway operator in Malaysia.
Word Station, which is part of the entity name, is skipped.
Example:
President Ford assumed office at a very tense time for both American foreign relations and domestic politics.
No annotation, word President, which is part of the entity name, is skipped.
- Annotate the hypernym even if the article does not have to contain the entity name.
Example:
is a train station in Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
(article title: Iwase Station)
No annotation
- Hypernym must be in a direct semantic relationship to the entity in the article
Example:
Vaclav Havel met the U.S. president Bill Clinton in Prague.
(fabricated example, article title: Vaclav Havel)
No annotation, the word president does not relate to Vaclav Havel
- Temporal validity is not considered
Example:
Iosif Davidovich Vitebskiy (; born January 9, 1938, in Kiev) is a former Soviet Ukrainian fencer, and current US fencing coach.
The fact that this statement is no longer true is not considered.
Example:
Malindo Air is a planned airline to be based in Malaysia.
The fact that this statement is not yet true is not considered.
- If the Wikipedia article does not cover a single entity (object, event), but it covers a list of entities (the article name typically starts with "List of"), or a disambiguation page (the article text starts with "XYZ may refer to..."), then the document is deleted. For this purpose, the corpus contains 100 articles (600 in total), which are to be used to allow up to 100 deletions.
- If the first sentece is incorrectly cut off before the hypernym appears, the article is deleted.
- If the hypernym is part of a compound, then the annotation should be placed on the last standalone noun. If an apostrophe is used to indicate plural noun (Dutch), the word before the apostrophe is annotated.
Task only for annotator 3: if the entity is a person, then create feature "type" on the document with "person" as a feature value.
Software: GATE 7.0